![]() ![]() ![]() The film was originally slated for release by 20th Century Fox, but Disney shelved the project when it acquired the studio in 2019.Īngel Studios then stepped in to distribute "Sound of Freedom." The Provo, Utah-based company takes its name from the Silicon Valley term "angel investors," individual contributors that support fledgling start-ups. Its writer and director, Alejandro Monteverde, is from Mexico. "Sound of Freedom" was shot in 2018 largely with funding from Mexican investors, according to The New York Times. In 2013, Ballard started the nonprofit group Operation Underground Railroad, which according to its website, "directly responds to international government requests to develop intelligence and assist to carry out rescue efforts." In 2020, Vice News published reports critical of the organization.īallard advised then-President Donald Trump in 2019 on trafficking issues. Department of Homeland Security agent who is credited with saving countless children, largely from outside the U.S., from traffickers who force them into prostitution rings aimed at pedophiles. "Sound of Freedom" draws upon the real life of Tim Ballard, a U.S. Here's what to know about the film: Is 'Sound of Freedom' based on a true story? “We’re deeply grateful to AMC, Cinemark, Regal, and all our theater partners − and their hard-working theater staff members − for working with us to accommodate the surging demand for this film and having the courage to release ‘Sound of Freedom’ during the busiest movie season of the year,” Purdie said. Fans say the movie speaks to an audience underserved by Hollywood critics contend it's a recruiting tool for the far right.īrandon Purdie, head of theatrical distribution at Angel Studios, which released the movie, attributed the success to word of mouth. The film is generating buzz among conservatives and liberals not so much for its content − both ideologies agree child sex trafficking is the height of immorality − but for comments made by its star. "Freedom," which also stars Bill Camp and Mira Sorvino, has earned $85.5 million domestically since its release July 4.īut "Sound of Freedom" already is as much a political football as it is an unlikely cinematic success. That makes "Freedom" the second most-popular movie in the country, behind Tom Cruise's top-grossing "Mission: Impossible − Dead Reckoning Part One" (which debuted with $56.2 million for the three-day weekend). The outside-of-Hollywood entry in the summer sweepstakes about a federal agent tackling child sex trafficking took in $27 million this weekend, according to Comscore. There's Harrison Ford in his final "Indiana Jones" installment, Chris Pratt and the "Guardians of the Galaxy" gang, and Spider-Man swinging across the "Spider-Verse."įar less expected is the impressive showing of Jim Caviezel and "Sound of Freedom." So far the summer's box-office titans feature wholly predictable stars and titles. ![]()
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![]() Some of these were silent, but in others they were "cackling with a clown-like laugh" down the line. In the early hours of the following morning they then made a series of calls to their victim to check she was at home. Swansea Crown Court heard that on October 31 last year the defendants had spent the night drinking together at Morgan-Peter's house in Ystradgynlais, near the city. A judge described what the women did as "truly disturbing" and as a "punishment beating". Llewelyn and Peters-Morgan - who had denied carrying out the sickening attack in Ystradgynlais in the Swansea Valley, each effectively blaming the other - were convicted at the trial. Man rushed to hospital after 'serious assault' in Scots street as forensics lockdown scene.Scots newlywed dies weeks after carbon monoxide leak killed husband in Spanish villa.She described how she was living in a nightmare from which she could escape, and is living a life of "fear, embarrassment and shame". As reported by Wales Online, the attack was apparently prompted by a dispute over comments made on social media.Ī court heard that the victim has been left with scars to her legs, arms and face, and feels "sick" when she sees her reflection. Kathryn Llewelyn and Teresa Peters-Morgan wore "ghoulish" masks and remained silent during the shocking raid. ![]() Two women broke into a neighbour's flat and poured bleach over her before repeatedly slashing her to the face and body with a knife. ![]() ![]() ![]() If not you can skip right into printing, shaking and making your skinny margarita cocktails! But after all, it's Margarita Wednesday! - at least that's what he said. Pull up a chair if you want to hear my story behind this margarita recipe. Tried this Recipe? Tag me Today! Mention or tag #delightfulmomfood! STEP 2: If you like salt, dip the rim of the glasses into water then dip into salt to line the tops of the glasses before pouring the skinny margaritas into them. Whisk together and pour over ice into two glasses. STEP 1: Combine all ingredients to a glass starting with 2 tablespoons of maple syrup and add 1-2 more if you like it sweeter. This skinny margarita recipe has only 4 ingredients: fresh squeezed lime juice, water, maple syrup and tequila shaken, not stirred…lol! How to make this drink recipe Traditional Mexican margarita ingredients are usually made with triple sec, tequila (Patron or Grand Mariner), and lemon or lime juice shaken or on the rocks. ![]() + Refreshing cocktail! This skinny margarita recipe is so tasty, light and refreshing! And with the high humidity heat in Texas, you'll be sure to find me poolside sipping on these skinny margaritas! Since there is less sugar and it is lower in calories, I love that I don't pack on pounds like other margaritas tend to do□. Make sure to use fresh juice from fresh citrus fruits because boy does it make the difference in a margarita! Plus lime juice is alkaline to help balance the acidity levels in the body from alcohol. + The best margarita cocktail around! These lime margaritas on the rocks are guilt free compared to a traditional margarita since there is no processed sugars and all the ingredients are completely natural with no triple sec and using the juice of fresh lime. Think FRESH for this classic skinny margarita cocktail recipe! It takes just minutes to extract fresh lime juice and it makes all the difference in these margaritas! Made with fresh juice, non-processed sugar, and tequila! Now you're ready to go- shake it, stir it, pour it, and enjoy!Īdd this skinny margarita beverage to your favorite Cinco de Mayo, Fiesta, and summer cocktails of choice! It's perfect to enjoy with a tasty bowl of Skinny Roasted Vegetables and Quinoa Salad, Cod Fish Tacos, Blackened Rockfish, Whitefish Ceviche, or Homemade Guacamole! Why make this recipe ![]() ![]() A nitrogen atom must gain three electrons to have the same number of electrons as an atom of the following noble gas, neon. Nitrogen’s position in the periodic table ( group 15) reveals that it is a nonmetal. The symbol for the ion is Mg 2+, and it is called a magnesium ion. Thus, a magnesium atom will form a cation with two fewer electrons than protons and a charge of 2+. A magnesium atom must lose two electrons to have the same number electrons as an atom of the previous noble gas, neon. Magnesium’s position in the periodic table ( group 2) tells us that it is a metal. Write the symbol for each ion and name them. Predict which forms an anion, which forms a cation, and the charges of each ion. Magnesium and nitrogen react to form an ionic compound. Group 16 nonmetals form anions with -2 charges, and the halogens of group 17 each form a -1 charged anion.\): Formation of Ions The nonmetals in groups 13 and 15 each form a -3 cation, while the nonmetals in group 14 form anions with a -4 charge. This gain results in a greater number of negatively charged electrons than of positively charged protons within a previously neutral atom. These elements are found in groups 13 through 17, and each one of them gains electrons from other atoms during the ionic bonding process. VIDEO OF THE DAYĪnions are formed from the nonmetal elements on the periodic table such as oxygen, sulfur and carbon. All metals in group one form cations with a +1 charge, metals in groups two through 12 and group 16 form cations with a charge of +2, metals in groups thirteen and fifteen form a +3 cation and metals located in group 14 form a +4 cation. Metals can be found in groups one through 16 on the periodic table. Metals are excellent conductors of electricity due the fact that the electrons move easily from one atom to the next carrying electrical energy along with them. Loss of electrons will turn a neutral atom positive when the atom has a greater number of protons versus electrons left in the atom. This accounts for about two thirds of the entire periodic table. CationsĬations are formed from metal atoms such as copper, gold, silver and sodium. ![]() Atoms give up electrons to other atoms to form positively charged ions called cations, and atoms that pick up extra electrons from other atoms form negatively charged ions called anions. The ability of electrons to move across orbitals and jump from atom to atom contributes to the process of ion formation. Electrons are negatively charged and freely circle the nucleus in three-dimensional orbitals. The number of protons determines the element identity of the atom, and neutrons help determine the particular isotope of the atom. Neutrons are neutral particles that are found in the nucleus of the atom along with the positively charged protons. Formation of IonsĪll atoms contain components called subatomic particles. Negatively-charged ions are anions, formed from nonmetallic elements like oxygen and sulfur. ![]() Positive ions are cations and are typically metals like copper or sodium. Ions - electrically charged atoms - can carry a positive or negative charge. Not all compounds are ionic, but all atoms are capable of forming an ion. Ions are atoms that have either a positive or a negative charge and take part in the process of ionic bonding in order to form a compound. RELATED Elements That Typically Take ElectronsĮach of the elements on the periodic table is capable of forming an ion. ![]() ![]() ![]() Step 2: Go to effects and presets we can found CC Snow, apply that effect to the solid layer. Step 1: Import a black solid layer to the new project. We only need to take a dark solid layer because snow will be white. We have another default and easy methods to create snow let’s see. Step 23: By adjusting the curves, we can make good output after the project is rendered. Step 22: Go to effects, expand color correction and select curves to adjust the colors of the background. Go to layers and select the adjustment layer. Step 21: If we like to adjust the color, we need to create an adjustment layer. ![]() Once we apply this, we can feel that background filled with snow to make this more effectively adjust the color correcting of the solid layer. Step 20: Arrange the solid layer behind the background image. Step 19: Create a new solid layer with white color. ![]() Once we click on the color, then the color which we select will be disabled, now the snow looks natural, and we need to add some background to make this more effective. Step 18: Select the screen color and click on the image’s background colour or wherever we like to have a snow feel. Step 17: We can get a configuration menu like this. Key light works like keying. Step 16: Apply the effect to the background image or video, whatever we use. We have an option to do the work easily. Go to effects and presets and search for key light then we can find key light 1.2 Step 15: We created snowfall, and around the snowfall, we need to create an atmosphere of snow effects. Step 14: With the simple methods, we created snow falling now, if we render, we can feel that the snow is falling down. Step 13: Here, the particles are sprinkling and low amount to increase the number of particles, we need to increase the birth rate.Īfter increasing the birth rate, we can see the amounts of particles are increase now we can feel it like snow. By expanding the Z Radius, we can push the partials front and back. ![]() Y Radius Indicates Height if we increase Y Radius, the particles expand vertically. X Radius indicates width if we increase X Radius, the particles expand horizontally. Do it for all three XYZ radiuses.Īfter expanding the radius values, the snow height and width changed. Just click on the radius and drag to the right till u get the perfect length and height. In the producer option, we can find Radius X, Radius Y, and Radius Z. Step 12: Now, let’s expand the producer option. Change the gravity to 0.300, velocity to 1.50 by changing the gravity only, we can make the snowfall. Physics is the most important option to change the gravity and velocity, etc. Step 11: Let’s expand the physics values. We give birth and death colors like white because birth color means it’s the beginning and the death color means that the snow has to be white at the beginning and end, so we give white. The performance will also appear in the window below. Step 10: Now we need to change the color of those particles so, we need to change the birth and death color. Once we change the particle type, we can find that the particles shape changes like a circle and blurred looks soft like snow. Change the particle type to a faded sphere. Step 9: Now we need to change the Particles type how to change the type? How does snow look like? A small drop like a sphere. Step 8: Let’s start with particles as we see the particle type in a line, that’s why it looks like a spark, so that we need to make the particles looks like snowfall. If we expand this option well, we will have the perfect snow effect. Step 7: In this configure window, we will mostly use producer, physics, and particles. Once the grid lines are unchecked and the axis is disabled in the visual window, the output will also be shown. Step 6: Now, we are going to change the particles into the snow, go to the configure window and uncheck the grid. We can’t see anything on the screen if we want to see the effect, just move the cursor then we can see the particles. Step 5: Once we apply the effect, the layer changes completely to the particles. Go to the effects and presets window and search for the effect. We also have a different option to get the effect. Go to effects and simulation, then select CC Particle world. Step 4: We need to apply some particle effect to the layer, which means that we are going to change the solid layer to snow because we need to apply the CC particle world to the Solid layer. Make changes to the solid settings as shown in the window below, and click on the OK button. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The Family Pass allows for 2 GAMES of bowling per day, per adult family member, up to 4 family members all summer long! This one-time payment of $24.95 (available only online at is great for older siblings, parents, aunts, uncles, and even a babysitter. The program does not include shoe rental. Kids Bowl Free is available at Stars and Strikes weekdays 10 a.m until 5 p.m. In addition, we will be offering weekly coupons of our own to the guests who sign up for this program.” The guests may either turn in printed coupons or show the coupons on their phone/tablet for redemption. Once the kids have been registered, they will receive weekly coupons that may be redeemed for their free bowling. Parents and children must register at to receive this offer. The program will run from Monday, April 18 th through Friday, August 26 th. “Kids Bowl Free, is a nationwide program that offers kids 15 and under Two Free Games of Bowling per day all summer long. ![]() [Tweet “Atlanta parents: Enjoy Kids Bowl Free this summer via Stars and Strikes Kids Bowl Free Program I found out about a free summer program that can make your visit a breeze. ![]() Several of our guests who’d never been to a Stars and Strikes location before said they plan to come back this Spring or this Summer. Book your party by calling your favorite location (Cumming, Columbus, Dacula-Lawrenceville, Sandy Springs, Stone Mountain, Dallas Woodstock, Buford/Mall of Georgia or Loganville) or when you stop by for a tour you’ll see a kiosk station to reserve your party right in the lobby. got a cute thank you card in the mail from Taylor which was an unexpected surprise.Īre you planning an upcoming birthday party or group event? See the full selection of Stars and Strikes Birthday Party options. Like all arcade adventures, the better you do, the more points you earn and can redeem in the game center for prizes and candy. One week after our party, A.J. For you guests, choose from pizza, burgers and fries, or a cheese quesadilla and fries. What do you think of the cake? At Stars and Strikes birthday parties, the cake is the only outside food allowed. In this case, Taylor handled it and a few mommy friends pitched in to be helpful.Īs a huge superhero fan, we looked on Pinterest to find an idea that included all of A.J.’s favorite characters: Batman, The Hulk, Spiderman and Flash. Of course, if this party had been at home we would have had to set up, serve and clean up. I forgot the birthday candle AND a cake cutter, but Stars & Strikes provided both – in case you forget yours too. Taylor served that cheese and pepperoni pizza and drinks to our guests, then we enjoyed the custom superhero cake a friend made for us. The only time we sat down was to eat pizza and cut the cake. and his guests NEVER stopped moving at his Stars and Strikes Birthday Party. You know there’s no scores kept in bumper cars, but in my mind – I won.Ī.J. I admit, when there was extra time and space for adults I jumped at the opportunity. When it was time for bumper cars, each guest got time wit round of indoor driving. Each guest got Arcade Action passes to head straight to the game area. The next phase was laser tag followed by more arcade time, a bumper car session and even more time in the arcade. But I snapped a great photo with his Grandmama.Īs our guests arrive were taken to our party room area near the bowling alley. But you’ll notice from the rest of my photos that it didn’t stay on long because there was so much activity. My one regret is that we didn’t get a “Family of 3” photo with me, A.J. got a large balloon hat to wear for the party. We were greeted by our party host, Taylor as soon as we arrived. Keep reading of my full review of his “Arcade Bash Party” Stars and Strikes Birthday Party and how you can bowl free this summer at any of their seven Georgia locations. Thank you to Stars and Strikes Sandy Springs for partnering with us for A.J.’s birthday party. So an arcade, laser tag and bumper car party were ideal for him, his classmates and friends. Now that he’s six years old, playing games and anything active are his favorites. First birthday parties are more for crawling and smashing cake. Each year we’ve planned A.J.’s birthday celebrations we’ve been able to adjust to his new interests and his motor skills. ![]() ![]() ![]() My advice is just pretend it doesn’t have Wi-Fi and never, ever attempt to use it. Pros: decent resolution, relatively easy install, moderate price compared to other mass-marketed options in its class easy to adjust lens for your vehicle/preferences intuitive and accurate file systemĬons: big-overly large, in fact-especially when compared to its competitors cheap-feeling (and looking) plastic body reflations from windshield can be problematic, and unlike competitors, no polarized filter available to mitigate them maddening menu navigation Wi-Fi operation so nasty bad it will make you want to commit random crimes, kick cute puppies, and cause young children harm so they begin to scream uncontrollably JUST so you can get relief-even if only momentarily-from how awful this clearly not-ready-for-prime-time “feature” is. Absolutely Trustworthy: Certified by FCC, CE, RoHS (FCC ID: 2AW5W-V1PMAX).We stand behind our products with a***18 Month Warranty *** Need help? Email or call our personal LIVE CUSTOMER SUPPORT. SIMPLE INSTALLATION - Simple & easy to mount on the windshield which makes for an overall straightforward installation process.With the parking monitor feature, the dash camera will automatically turn on and record a 20-second video when the car camera detects vibration. SUPERCAPACITOR & PARKING MONITOR - Power is delivered with the help of a supercapacitor, a premium alternative to a lithium-ion battery that features enhanced temperature resistance to hot and cold climates.Accident Auto Detection happens with the built-in gravity sensor & when it detects a collision, the current video is locked & saved. When the storage limit is reached on the memory card, our unit automatically overwrites the unlocked & oldest recordings (support up to 256GB max). G-SENSOR, LOOP RECORDING - Video can be recorded in 1,2, or 3-minute intervals.View your driving route and tracker on google maps via Rexing GPS Player or Rexing Connect App. GPS accurately records your driving location and speed. By using the app you can download your recorded 4K videos directly to your smartphone and easily share these on social media. BUILT-IN GPS, WI-FI, AND MOBILE APP - Use our mobile app to view and manage dash cam recordings instantly on your iOS and Android devices.Enhanced night vision also allows dash cam to perform well in low-light situations by F/1.6 6 glass lens carefully fine-tuning the exposure along with 170 DEGREE Ultra Wide Angle lenses. Simultaneously record and display the road in front and the road behind you with the camera and LCD screen. 4K DUAL CHANNEL RECORDING - Best FRONT & REAR camera record REAL 4K Front + Rear 2K. ![]() ![]() ![]() He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. ![]() ![]() Visit the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, as well as the Coliseum, for free with the Roma Pass.Gaius Julius Caesar ( / ˈ s iː z ər/, SEE-zər Latin: 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. After his death, the Roman Republic fell and Caesar became a martyr – later on, the Senate even named him The Divine Julius.īecause of his great-granduncles popularity and esteem, Gaius Octavian later reclaimed victory over his relative’s death and took power in 27BC, under the name Augustus, and later became the first Roman Emperor. Cassius and Brutus were the two convicted – and guilty – of his death and they were mobbed by angry supporters of lower and middle class Romans. It was two of his former enemies who conspired against him to plot his death on the Ides of March. Although Caesar brought great reform, he was more popular in the middle and lower classes than the Senate itself who thought he was vying for a place to be king – and since Roman’s didn’t desire a monarchic rule, they were suspicious of his behaviour, not to mention put off by his power as dictator to veto the Senate.Īs absolute dictator he had his fair share of enemies within the Senate – of whom he was meant to be a part. Albeit he used rather forceful tactics, you can’t deny that he didn’t reform his country – he alleviated debt, reformed the Senate and he even monetised coins to bear his face! However he was only to be in rule in Rome for a year before he was assassinated. Despite nobility being against him, his enemies were no match and Caesar swiftly pushed them out of Italy and into Egypt – where he met Cleopatra and fathered a son by her.Ĭaesar was crowned the ultimate dictator upon his return to Rome and was even hailed Father of his Country. Since Pompey was supported by nobility, they saw Caesar as a national threat which meant Civil War was inevitable. The Triumvirate in later years lost their alliance and after Crassus’ death Caesar went after Pompey and his territory. He charged his troops across the Rhine after building a bridge and proceeded to invade Britain, once he had seized Gaul. Caesar’s tactics were pretty simple: take all and leave nothing behind. It was from then Caesar used this alliance as a springboard to take over the world so to speak. Acting as a go-between for Crassus and Pompey, who were bitter rivals, he turned them from enemies into allies and the three of them became known as the powerful First Triumvirate. Taking sides with Pompey, he went onto serve in various military roles across the government, including governor of the Roman province of Spain.Ī shrewd man, Caesar aligned himself with those he thought could be of benefit including Crassus – a man who was to bolster Caesar’s financial and political status. In his later life Julius was a Roman general, statesman and Consul – not to mention prolific author of Latin prose (bet you didn’t know that!) After losing his inheritance due to a marriage that went wrong - and a battle of alliances that ‘hit the fan’ - he joined the army and became known for his public speeches, animated gesticulations and high-pitched voice.īy the age of 31 Caesar had fought in numerous wars and his presence was deep rooted in politics and he was soon to revolutionise the Roman Empire and expand its reach. Considering Caesar issued coins printed with elephants could mean that he had a soft spot for this large mammal and preferred this definition of his name. However, the surname stems from various meanings: some believe it comes from the Latin ‘to cut’ others believe it was due to his predecessor’s thick head of hair, or that he had bright grey eyes alternatively some say Caesar killed an elephant in battle. Born in 100 BC, Caesar inherited his name from a prestigious family with ancient pedigree. He is remembered as being the leader and dictator of Rome during its most prosperous reign and Empire. Julius Caesar is a name synonymous with Rome. The month of July is named after him: Julius If you study Latin or classics, it is highly likely you will be tought some of Caesar’s prose ![]() The King of Diamonds in a traditional playing pack of cards is meant to represent Julius Caesar William Shakespeare’s play which depicted the Roman dictator’s tragic death and the events that followed The introduction of the Julian calendar So who ran Rome before Augustus? Well, none other than his great-greatuncle, Julius Caesar. As Rome celebrates 2000 years from the death of its first Emperor, Augustus, let's look back at who reigned before and how the Rome looked that he inherited. ![]() ![]() ![]() conserve-memory Conserve memory usage at the expense of processing time. Option if you are having problems with a particular image. The correct, minimal GIFs that Gifsicle produces. Some Java and Internet Explorer versions cannot display careful Write slightly larger GIFs that avoid bugs in some other GIF version Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit. no-warnings, -w Suppress all warning messages. verbose, -V Print progress information (files read and written) to standard The special filename '-' means the standard output. help, -h Print usage information and exit. Options, however, information is printed to standard error, and normalīut also print information about input files' colormaps.īut also print any unrecognized GIF extensions in aīut also print information about compressed image sizes. This option suppresses normal output, and cannot be combined with mode Output, or whatever file you specify with info, -I Print a human-readable description of each input GIF to the standard explode-by-name, -E Same asīut write any named frames to files 'xxx. Named 'xxx.000', 'xxx.001', and so on, where 'xxx' is the name of the inputĪnd the numeric extension is the frame number. (GIFs read from the standard input are written to the standard output.) -explode, -e Create an output GIF for each frame of each input file. batch, -b Modify each GIF input in place by reading and writing to the same filename. merge, -m Combine all GIF inputs into one file with multiple frames and write thatįile to the standard output. You can combine short options if they don't take arguments:īut be careful with options that do take arguments: You don't need to type the whole long descriptive name, just enough to Given, or you give the special filename '-',Įxits with status 0 if there were no errors and status 1 otherwise. Reads and processes GIF input files in order. With a dash (-) or plus (+) frame selections, a kind of option, start disposal -disposal looping -loopcount portions of frame selections smaller -optimize, -colors speed -delay Bad output -careful Background color -background Colors, changing -change-color, -use-colormap, -dither, -transform-colormap reducing number -colors, -dither, -gamma Comments -comment Extensions -extension, -app-extension, -extension-info File size -optimize, -unoptimize, -colors Image transformations cropping -crop, -crop-transparency flipping -flip-* resizing -resize, -scale rotating -rotate-* Grayscale -use-colormap Interlacing -interlace Positioning frames -position Screen, logical -logical-screen Selecting frames frame selections (like '#0') Transparency -transparent Warnings -no-warnings COMMAND LINEĬommand line consists of GIF input files and options. To interlace all the GIFs in the current directory, youĬONCEPT INDEXConcepts are on the left, relevantĪnimations, changing frame selections, frame changes, etc. ![]() Will modify the files you specify instead of writing a new file to the Gifsicle pic1.gif pic2.gif pic3.gif > animation.gif By default, itĬombines two or more input files into a "flipbook" animation: Is good at creating and manipulating GIF animations. Options and writes the result to the standard output. ![]() Normally processes input GIF files according to its command line Getting information about GIF images and animations. Is a powerful command-line program for creating, editing, manipulating, and Command to display gifsicle manual in Linux: $ man 1 gifsicle NAMEgifsicle - manipulates GIF images and animations ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() For Oswestry Disability Index, the classification-based cognitive functional therapy group improved by 13.7 points, and the manual therapy and exercise group by 5.5 points. Results: The classification-based cognitive functional therapy group displayed significantly superior outcomes to the manual therapy and exercise group, both statistically ( p < 0.001) and clinically. A total of 121 patients were randomized to either classification-based cognitive functional therapy group n = 62) or manual therapy and exercise group ( n > = 59). Oswestry Disability Index had to be >14% and pain intensity last 14 days >2/10. ![]() Inclusion criteria were as follows: age between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with non-specific chronic low back pain for >3 months, localized pain from T12 to gluteal folds, provoked with postures, movement and activities. Primary outcomes at 12-month follow-up were Oswestry Disability Index and pain intensity, measured with numeric rating scale. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the group differences in treatment effects. Methods: This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of a behavioural approach to management, classification-based cognitive functional therapy, compared with traditional manual therapy and exercise. Background: Non-specific chronic low back pain disorders have been proven resistant to change, and there is still a lack of clear evidence for one specific treatment intervention being superior to another. ![]() |
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